Fundamentals of hydrogen storage in nanoporous materials

Abstract Physisorption of hydrogen in nanoporous materials offers an efficient and competitive alternative for storage. At low temperatures (e.g. 77 K) moderate pressures (below 100 bar) molecular H 2 adsorbs reversibly, with very fast kinetics, at high density on the inner surfaces such as zeolites, activated carbons metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). This review, by experts Task 40 ‘Energy Storage Conversion based Hydrogen’ Hydrogen Technology Collaboration Programme International Energy Agency, covers fundamentals adsorption assessment their storage performance. The discussion includes recent work both temperature pressure, new findings performance materials, correlation volumetric gravimetric capacities, usable capacity, optimum operating temperature. application neutron scattering ideal tool characterising is summarised state-of-the-art computational methods, machine learning, are considered discovery MOFs applications, well modelling flexible porous networks optimised delivery. focuses moreover additional important issues, sustainable synthesis improved reproducibility experimental isotherm data interlaboratory exercises reference materials.